āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻা āϧ্āĻŦংāϏেāϰ āĻŦিāϤāϰ্āĻ āĻŦāĻāϤিā§াāϰ āĻāϞāĻি āĻি āĻāϏāϞেāĻ āĻĻাā§ী | The controversy over the destruction of Nalanda is whether Bakhtiyar Khalji was really responsible
āĻŦāĻāϤিā§াāϰ āĻāϞāĻি āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻা āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻāϰেāύি, āĻŦāĻāϤিā§াāϰ āĻāϏাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻাāϏāĻš āĻāϰāĻāĻŽ āĻšাāĻাāϰ-āĻšাāĻাāϰ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻāĻŽāύি āĻāĻŽāύিāĻ āĻšাāĻā§াā§ āĻŽিāϞিā§ে āĻিā§েāĻিāϞো। āĻŦāĻāϤিā§াāϰ āĻāϞāĻি āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻাā§ āĻĒা-āĻ āĻĢেāϞেāύি āϤāĻŦুāĻ āĻļুāϧু āĻļুāϧু āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻা āĻ āĻ্āĻāϞেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻŦāĻĻāϞে āĻŦāĻāϤিā§াāϰāĻĒুāϰ āĻšā§ে āĻেāĻে।
āĻŦāĻāϤিā§াāϰ āĻāϞāĻিāϏāĻš āĻŽুāϏāϞিāĻŽ āĻļাāϏāĻেāϰা āĻুāĻŦāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāύুāϰাāĻী āĻিāϞো āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻোāύো āĻāĻ āϰāĻšāϏ্āϝāĻŽā§ āĻাāϰāĻŖে āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻļাāϏāĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻā§āĻļāϤ āĻŦāĻāϰেāϰ āĻļাāϏāύে āĻāĻ āĻ āĻ্āĻāϞে āĻāĻāĻা āϏিāĻ্āĻāϞ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ āĻā§ে āĻāĻ েāύি৷ "
āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāϏ্āĻāϰা āĻŽিā§াāύāĻŽাāϰে āĻšাāĻাāϰāĻŦāĻāϰ āύিāϰāĻŦিāĻ্āĻিāύ্āύ āĻļাāϏāύ āĻāϰেāĻে āĻিāύ্āϤু āϤাāϰাāĻ āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻা āĻিংāĻŦা āĻāĻāĻĻ্āĻĻāϞ āĻŦিāĻšাāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻāĻāĻা āϏিāĻ্āĻāϞ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻā§ে āϤুāϞāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύি। āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻāϰāĻāĻŽ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻā§ে āϤোāϞা āĻŦৈāϰাāĻ্āϝāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻāĻāĻŽুāĻী āĻāĻāĻĄিāĻāϞোāĻিāϰ āĻ āύুāϏাāϰী āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāϏ্āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨ্āϝেāϰ āĻŦাāĻāϰে āĻিāϞো। āϤাāϰা āĻŽিā§াāύāĻŽাāϰে āϞাāĻো āϏ্āϤুāĻĒ āĻŦাāύিā§েāĻে āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻāĻ āĻাāĻāĻিāĻ āϤাāϰা āĻাāύāϤো।
#āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻাāϏāĻš āĻšাāĻাāϰ-āĻšাāĻাāϰ āϝāϤো āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻাāϰāϤāĻŦāϰ্āώে āĻিāϞো āϏāĻŦāĻ āĻিāϞো āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āĻļৈāĻŦ-āĻŦৈāώ্āĻŖāĻŦ āϰাāĻাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻŦāĻšুāϤ্āĻŦāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ । āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻা āύিā§ে āĻāϞোāĻāύাā§ āϏুāĻৌāĻļāϞে āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāϤা āĻŦৈāώ্āĻŖāĻŦ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āϏāĻŽ্āϰাāĻ āĻুāĻŽাāϰāĻুāĻĒ্āϤেāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻā§াāϞ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻাā§ āĻāύāύāĻাāϰ্āϝ āĻাāϞাāύো āĻāϰ্āĻিāĻāϞāĻিāϏ্āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϞিāϏ্āĻ āĻĻেāĻāϞে āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻāĻŽ্āϝুāύিāϏ্āĻ, āĻĒ্āϝাāύāĻāϏāϞাāĻŽিāϏ্āĻ āĻāĻŦং āĻāϞোāύিāϏ্āĻ āĻāĻāĻĄিāĻāϞোāĻāĻĻেāϰāĻ āĻĒাāĻŦেāύ āϝাāϰা āĻেāύে-āĻŦুāĻেāĻ āĻāĻāϏāĻŦ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻে āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāϏ্āĻ āĻŦāϞে āĻĄাāĻšাāĻŽিāĻĨ্āϝে āύ্āϝাāϰেāĻিāĻāϏ āϤৈāϰী āĻāϰেāĻে।
ā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦāĻāϰেāϰ āĻļাāϏāύে āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύāĻāĻŖ āĻāĻāĻা āϏিāĻ্āĻāϞ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻā§āϤে āύা āĻĒাāϰāϞেāĻ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻļৈāĻŦ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦৈāώ্āĻŖāĻŦ āϰাāĻাāϰা āϝে āĻļāϤ-āĻļāϤ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻā§ে āϤুāϞেāĻিāϞো āϏেāĻুāϞো āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύāĻāĻŖ āĻāϏাāϰ āĻāĻāĻļোāĻŦāĻāϰেāϰ āĻিāϤāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻুāϞো āĻšাāϰিā§ে āϝাā§। āύিāĻে āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻূāĻāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻā§েāĻāĻিāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻĻিāϞাāĻŽ āϝেāĻুāϞোāϰ āϧ্āĻŦংāϏāϏ্āϤূāĻĒ āĻāĻāύো āĻিāĻে āĻāĻে।
ā§§) āϏোāĻŽāĻĒুāϰ āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻšাāϰ
⧍) āĻāĻŦāĻĻেāĻŦ āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ, āĻুāĻŽিāϞ্āϞা। āϝেāĻি āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŦৈāώ্āĻŖāĻŦ āĻĻেāĻŦ āϰাāĻāĻŦংāĻļ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ।
ā§Š) āĻāĻāĻĻ্āĻĻāϞ āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻšাāϰ āϝেāĻিāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻļেāώ āĻāĻাāϰ্āϝ্āϝ āĻļাāĻ্āϝāĻļ্āϰীāĻāĻĻ্āϰ ⧧⧍ā§Ļā§Ē āϏাāϞে āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύāĻĻেāϰ āĻšাāϤ āĻĨেāĻে āĻŦাঁāĻāϤে āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤে āĻĒāϞাā§āύ āĻāϰেāύ। āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύāĻāĻŖ ⧧⧍ā§Ļā§ āϏাāϞে āĻāĻি āĻĒāϰিāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒে āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻāϰে।
ā§Ē) āĻšāϞুāĻĻ āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ
ā§Ģ) āĻŽāĻšাāϏ্āĻĨাāύāĻā§
ā§Ŧ) āĻŦāϏু āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ
ā§) āϏীāϤাāĻোāĻ āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ
ā§Ž) āϏিāϞেāĻ āĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāĻĒুāϰ āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ৷ āĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāĻŦংāĻļীāϝ় āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āϰাāĻা āĻļ্āϰীāĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻāύুāĻŽাāύিāĻ ā§¯ā§Šā§Ļ- ⧝ā§ā§Ģ āĻ্āϰি. āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ-āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻļাāϏāύ āĻāϰেāύ। āϤাঁāϰ āĻļাāϏāύāĻাāϞেāϰ āĻĒāĻ্āĻāĻŽ āĻŦāϰ্āώে (āĻāύু. ā§¯ā§Šā§Ģ āĻ্āϰি.) āϤিāύি āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āϤিāύāĻি āĻĻাāύāĻĒāϤ্āϰে ā§Ēā§Ļā§Ļ āĻĒাāĻāĻ (āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻĒাāĻāĻ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻāĻāϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় ⧍ā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻāĻāϰ) āĻূāĻŽি āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻŦ, āĻŦিāώ্āĻŖু āĻāĻŦং āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āύাāĻŽে āĻĻাāύ āĻāϰেāĻিāϞেāύ। ⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ž āϏাāϞে āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻŽৌāϞāĻীāĻŦাāĻাāϰেāϰ āϰাāĻāύāĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻেāϞাāϰ āĻĒāĻļ্āĻিāĻŽāĻাāĻ āĻ্āϰাāĻŽে āĻļ্āϰীāĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āϤাāĻŽ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύ āĻāĻŦিāώ্āĻৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ āϝে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻāĻŦাāϏিāĻ āĻāĻ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ে āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻাāϰāĻি āĻŽāĻ āĻিāϞো।
⧝) āĻŦিāĻ্āϰāĻŽāĻĒুāϰ āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ, āĻŽāĻšাāĻ্āĻাāύী āύাāϏ্āϤিāĻāĻĒāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ āĻ āϤীāĻļ āĻĻীāĻĒāĻ্āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ।
āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āύāϤাāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦিāĻ āĻ āύুāϏāύ্āϧাāύে āĻāĻ āϏāĻŦāĻুāϞো āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύেāϰ āĻāĻāĻা āĻŽিāϞ āĻĒাāĻā§া āĻেāĻে āϏেāĻি āĻšāϞ āĻāĻāϏāĻŦāĻুāϞো 1200 āĻĨেāĻে 1300 āϏাāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝেāĻ āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻšā§েāĻে āĻāϰ āĻ িāĻ āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻা āĻšāϞো āĻāϏāϞাāĻŽী āĻļাāϏāύāĻাāϞেāϰ āĻļুāϰু।
āĻāϰāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦāĻāϤিā§াāϰ āĻāϰ্āϤৃāĻ āĻāĻĻāύ্āϤāĻĒুāϰী āĻāĻŦং āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻাāϰ āϧ্āĻŦংāϏেāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āϤāĻāύāĻাāϰ āĻŽুāϏāϞিāĻŽ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāϏ্āĻ āĻĻুāĻ āϤāϰāĻĢেāĻ āϞিāĻা āĻšā§েāĻে। āĻŽিāύāĻšাāĻ āĻ āϏিāϰাāĻ āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻাāϰ āĻ āĻĻূāϰে āĻĨাāĻা āĻĢ্āϝাāĻাāϞ্āĻি āĻāĻĻāύ্āϤāĻĒুāϰী āϧ্āĻŦংāϏে āĻ ংāĻļ āύেāĻā§া āϏৈāύিāĻেāϰ āύিāĻ āĻŽুāĻেāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āĻļুāύে āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ।
āĻŦāĻāϤিā§াāϰ āĻāϞāĻি āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻাāϰ āĻাāϤ্āϰ-āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻুāĻাāĻা āĻāϰে āĻāϞে āϝাāĻā§াāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻļāĻĒাāĻļে āĻŦেঁāĻে āϝাāĻā§া āĻুāĻিāĻā§ āĻাāϤ্āϰ-āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ āĻŽিāϞে ⧝ā§Ļ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϏ্āĻ āĻāĻাāϰ্āϝ āϰাāĻšুāϞ āĻļ্āϰীāĻāĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻ āϧীāύে āĻāĻŦাāϰ āϏেāĻ āϧ্āĻŦংāϏāϏ্āϤূāĻĒে āĻā§ো āĻšā§ে āύāϤুāύ āĻāϰে āĻĒাāĻ āĻĻাāύ āĻাāϞু āĻāϰাāϰ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻāϰেāύ। āĻāĻ āĻাāϤ্āϰāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏāĻĻ্āϝ āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤ āĻĨেāĻে āĻŽিāĻĨিāϞা āĻšā§ে āĻāϏা āϧāϰ্āĻŽāϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽীāĻ āĻিāϞেāύ।
āύāϤুāύ āĻāϰে āĻĒাāĻ āĻĻাāύেāϰ āĻāĻŦāϰ āĻাāύāϤে āĻĒেāϰে āĻāϞāĻি āĻāĻŦাāϰ āϤাāϰ āϏেāύাāĻĻāϞ āĻĒাāĻ াā§ āĻŦেঁāĻে āϝাāĻā§া āĻাāϤ্āϰ-āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻŦাāĻ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ।।
āϧāϰ্āĻŽāϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽী āϤাāϰ āϰāĻিāϤ āĻীāĻŦāύী āĻ্āϰāύ্āĻĨে āĻŦāϞেāύ- āĻāĻĒাā§াāύ্āϤāϰ āύা āĻĻেāĻে āϤুāϰাāĻ্āώāϏ/āϤুāϰাāϏ্āĻ (āϏ্āĻĨাāύীā§āϰা āϤুāϰ্āĻী āϏেāύাāĻĻāϞāĻে āϤাāĻ āĻŦāϞāϤো।) āϏেāύাāĻĻāϞ āĻāϏাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦেāĻ āĻāύাāϰা āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻা āĻিāϰāϤāϰে āϤ্āϝাāĻ āĻāϰে āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤেāϰ āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āϰāĻā§াāύা āĻĻেāύ। āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧ āϰাāĻšুāϞ āĻļ্āϰীāĻāĻĻ্āϰ āĻŦā§āϏেāϰ āĻাāϰে āύ্āϝুāĻŦ্āĻ āĻšāĻā§াā§ āϤাāϰ āĻĒāĻ্āώে āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϝাāĻā§া āϏāĻŽ্āĻāĻŦ āĻিāϞোāύা āϤাāĻ āϤিāύি āϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰিā§ āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻাāϤেāĻ āϤুāϰাāĻ্āώāϏ (āϤুāϰ্āĻী) āĻŦাāĻšিāύীāϰ āĻšাāϤে āĻāϤ্āĻŽāĻšুāϤী āĻĻেāĻā§াāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύেāύ। āϧāϰ্āĻŽāϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽীāĻ āϤাāϰ āĻুāϰু āĻļ্āϰীāĻāĻĻ্āϰāĻে āύা āύিā§ে āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āϤ্āϝাāĻ āĻāϰāĻŦেāύāύা āĻŦāϞে āĻেāĻĻ āϧāϰাā§ āĻļেāώāϤāĻ āĻļ্āϰীāĻāĻĻ্āϰ āϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϝেāϤে āϰাāĻি āĻšোāύ।
āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤ āĻĒৌঁāĻে āϧāϰ্āĻŽāϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽী āϤাāϰ āĻীāĻŦāύীāĻ্āϰāύ্āĻĨ āϞিāĻেāύ āϝেāĻাāύে āϤুāϰ্āĻী āϏেāύাāĻĻāϞ āĻāϰ্āϤৃāĻ āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻা, āĻŦিāĻ্āϰāĻŽāĻļীāϞা, āĻ āĻĻāύ্āϤāĻĒুāϰীāϏāĻš āĻ āϏংāĻ্āϝ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύেāϰ āϧ্āĻŦংāϏāϞীāϞা āϞিāĻĒিāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻāϰেāύ।
Translate Englishđ
Bakhtiyar Khalji did not destroy Nalanda; rather, following his arrival, thousands of educational institutions—including Nalanda—simply vanished into thin air. Bakhtiyar Khalji never even set foot in Nalanda; yet, for no apparent reason, the name of the Nalanda region was changed to Bakhtiyarpur.
Muslim rulers—Bakhtiyar Khalji among them—were deeply devoted to learning; however, for some mysterious reason, not a single educational institution was established in this region during the subsequent six hundred years of Muslim rule. "
Buddhists ruled Myanmar continuously for a thousand years, yet even they failed to establish a single educational institution comparable to Nalanda or Jagaddala Vihara. This was because the creation of such institutions lay beyond the capabilities of the Buddhists, who adhered to a renunciatory, unidimensional ideology. They constructed hundreds of thousands of stupas in Myanmar simply because that was the only undertaking they knew how to execute.
#All the thousands of educational institutions that existed across India—including Nalanda—were pluralistic centers of learning established by Hindu Shaiva and Vaishnava monarchs. In discussions concerning Nalanda, the role of its founder—the Vaishnava Hindu Emperor Kumaragupta—is often artfully obscured. A review of the archaeologists who conducted excavations at Nalanda reveals a roster dominated by Communist, Pan-Islamist, and Colonialist ideologues—individuals who, with full intent and knowledge, fabricated patently false narratives misattributing these Hindu-founded institutions as Buddhist establishments.
Although the Muslims failed to establish a single educational institution during their 600-year rule, the hundreds of institutions previously built by Shaiva and Vaishnava monarchs were all obliterated within a century of the Muslim arrival. Listed below are the names of just a few such institutions located within the present-day territory of Bangladesh, the ruins of which still survive today:
1) Somapura Mahavihara
2) Bhavadeva Vihara, Comilla—established by the Hindu Vaishnava Deva dynasty.
3) Jagaddala Mahavihara—whose last *Acharya* (Abbot), Shakya Shri Bhadra, fled to Tibet in 1204 CE to escape the Muslims. The Muslims completely destroyed the site in 1207 CE.
4) Halud Vihara
5) Mahasthangarh
6) Basu Vihara
7) Sitakot Vihara
8) Sylhet Chandrapura Vihara. Sri Chandra, the second monarch of the Chandra dynasty, ruled over southeastern Bengal from approximately 930 to 975 CE. In the fifth year of his reign (c. 935... ...CE) To establish a university, he donated 400 *patakas* of land (approximately 20,000 acres, calculated at 50 acres per *pataka*) through three separate charters, dedicating the land in the names of Mahadeva, Vishnu, and Buddha. In 1958, a copper-plate inscription belonging to Srichandra was discovered in the village of Pashchimbhag, located in the Rajnagar Upazila of present-day Moulvibazar. It is noteworthy that this university—which was entirely residential in nature—featured four distinct monasteries designated exclusively for foreign students.
9) Vikrampur Vihara, established by the highly learned scholar and philosopher Atisha Dipankara.
Archaeological investigations have revealed a common thread running through all these institutions: every single one of them was destroyed sometime between 1200 and 1300 CE—a period that precisely coincides with the onset of Islamic rule in the region.
Among these events, the destruction of Odantapuri and Nalanda by Bakhtiyar has been documented by chroniclers from both the Muslim and Buddhist traditions of that era. Minhaj-i-Siraj, for instance, recorded his account after personally hearing the testimony of a soldier who had participated in the destruction of Odantapuri—an institution situated in close proximity to Nalanda.
After Bakhtiyar Khilji had massacred the students and teachers of Nalanda and departed, a handful of surviving students and teachers from the surrounding areas gathered amidst the ruins. Under the leadership of the 90-year-old *Acharya* (Master) Rahul Shribhadra, they attempted to resume academic instruction anew. Among these students was Dharmasvami, who had recently arrived from Tibet via Mithila.
Upon learning that classes had resumed, Khilji dispatched his troops once again—this time with orders to slaughter the surviving students and teachers.
In his biographical chronicle, Dharmasvami recounts: Seeing no other alternative, and before the arrival of the *Turakshas* (or *Turaska*) forces—the term locals used to refer to the Turkish troops—they decided to abandon Nalanda forever and set out for Tibet. However, the elderly Rahul Shribhadra, frail and stooped under the weight of his advanced years, realized that he would be physically unable to endure the arduous journey to Tibet; consequently, he resolved to remain in his beloved Nalanda and offer himself as a sacrifice to the invading *Turakshas* (Turkish) forces. Dharmasvami, for his part, vowed that he would not leave the site without his revered Guru, Shribhadra... Yielding to his persistence, Sri Bhadra ultimately agreed to accompany him.
Upon reaching Tibet, Dharmasvamin authored his biography, in which he chronicled the destruction wrought by Turkish forces upon numerous educational institutions—including Nalanda, Vikramashila, and Odantapuri.
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