“Why Should I Fear? Have I Not Read the Gita?” — The Immortal Courage of Khudiram Bose In the long and turbulent history of India’s struggle against British rule, few names shine with the blazing brilliance of youthful courage as brightly as Khudiram Bose . A fearless revolutionary, a fiery soul born for a brief but glorious moment in history, Khudiram became one of the earliest and youngest martyrs of the anti-colonial movement. His defiant spirit, philosophical clarity, and unwavering devotion to the motherland transformed him into a legendary icon of resistance. Khudiram Bose was born on 3 December 1889 in the village of Mohoboni (or Maurani) under the Keshpur police station of Medinipur district in the then Bengal Presidency of British India. His father, Trailokyanath Bose , worked as a revenue agent in Narajol, while his mother, Lakshmipriya Devi , was a deeply religious woman. Khudiram was her fourth child after three daughters. Before his birth, both of her sons had died in ...
This is the Ring Nebula or M57
Original image
- When it was first seen through a telescope in the 1700s, it looked round and fuzzy, and astronomers at the time thought it looked like a distant planet. It was named by William Herschel. [Mobile]
- The Ring Nebula is the remnant of a dying Sun-like star. The star has shed its outer layers of gas into space at the end of its life, and its inner core is slowly becoming a white dwarf star.
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| Original image |
- You can see it in the picture as a hollow ring. But scientists have now seen with advanced instruments like the James Webb Telescope that its true shape is not a hollow ring, but rather an elongated structure like a rugby ball. We see it as a ring because it is tilted towards our Earth in such a way that we are looking along its center.
- It is located about 2,300 light-years from Earth. It would take millions of years to get there with our current technology!
- The nebula is about 1 light-year in diameter, which means that it takes a full year for light to travel from one end to the other.
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- The nebula's gases are expanding outward at about 40,000 kilometers per hour. This may seem like a very fast speed, but compared to the vastness of space, this speed is very slow.
- The brightest parts of the nebula are red, green, and blue. These colors come from the atoms of different gases:
* Red - nitrogen and hydrogen.
* Green - oxygen.
* Blue - helium.
- The white dwarf at the center of the nebula is about 60% the size of our Sun and is incredibly hot. Its surface temperature is about 120,000 degrees Celsius.
- This central white dwarf is now exhausting all its energy and cooling and fading away. In a few billion years, it will become a black dwarf and merge into the darkness of the universe.
- It is located in the constellation Lyra in the night sky and is so bright that it can be easily seen using a small telescope or powerful binoculars. It is the 57th object in the Messier catalog, hence its other name M57.
- The James Webb Space Telescope has found about 20,000 small ball-like structures within this nebula, which are thought to be made of hydrogen gas. This discovery has given scientists new ideas about the formation and evolution of the nebula.
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